Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Osubi Metropolis, Niger Delta, Nigeria using DRASTIC and GIS Techniques
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International,
Page 1-10
DOI:
10.9734/jgeesi/2022/v26i630353
Abstract
The vulnerability to contamination of the aquifer at Osubi, Niger Delta, was assessed in order to develop a foundation strategy for safeguarding its groundwater resources using the DRASTIC model and geographic information system (GIS). Using GIS, data corresponding to the seven DRASTIC model parameters were collected and translated into seven thematic maps. The DRASTIC map was created using these maps, which describe the depth to water level (D), net recharge (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), influence of the vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The results obtained from this study showed that 7% of the area was classified as very-high vulnerability to pollution, 18% was classified as high vulnerability, 60% was classified as moderate vulnerability and 15% as low vulnerability. The most vulnerable areas occur around waste dumpsites, and some septic systems in residential areas. Policies should be put in place to make it easier to close possible pollution sources in high-vulnerability areas, such as open dump sites, leaking underground storage tanks at fuel stations, effluent discharge from industries, and pit latrines/sewage disposal units.
Keywords:
- DRASTIC model
- groundwater vulnerability
- Osubi metropolis
- shallow aquifer
How to Cite
References
Khan HH, Khan A, Ahmed SPJ. GIS-based impact assessment of land-use changes on groundwater quality: study from a rapidly urbanizing region of South India. Environ Earth Sci. 2011;63:1289–1302.
Piscopo G. Groundwater vulnerability map explanatory notes—Castlereagh Catchment. Australia NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation; 2001.
Shirazi S, Imran H, Akib S, Yusop Z, Harun ZB. Groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Melaka State of Malaysia using DRASTIC and GIS techniques. Environ. Earth Sci. 2013;70:2293–2304.
National Research Council. Groundwater vulnerability assessment, contaminant potential under conditions of uncertainty. National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 1993.
Ofomola M. Integrated geophysical and hydrogeochemical studies of shallow aquifer contamination in Osubi, Near Warri, Southern Nigeria. Journ. of Earth Sci. and Geotech. Eng. 2015;5(4):79-102.
Aller L, Bennet T, Lehr HJ, Petty JR, Hackett G. A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1987. (US-EPA 600/2-87-035:622).
Saatsaz M, Sulaiman WN. GIS DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability estimation of Astaneh–Kouchesfahan plain, Northern Iran. Int J Water. 2011; 6(1/2):250–254.
Chiedza M, Kwazikwakhe M. Groundwater Vulnerability Map for South Africa. South African Journal of Geomatics. 2013; 2(2):152-163.
Gogu RC, Dassargues A. Current trends and future challenges in groundwater vulnerability assessment using overlay and index methods. Environmental geology. 2000;39(6):549-559.
Ibe KM, Nwankwor GI. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability and its application to the development of protection strategy for the water-supply aquifer in Owerri, southeastern Nigeria. Environ Monit. Assess. 2001;67:323–360
Nas B, Berktay A. Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundwater using GIS. Environ Monit. Assess. 2010;160:215–227.
Rahman A. A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh, India. Appl Geogr. 2008;28:32–53.
Edet A. An aquifer vulnerability assessment of the Benin Formation aquifer, Calabar, southeastern Nigeria, using DRASTIC and GIS approach. Environ Earth Sci. 2013; 71(4):1747-1765.
Azubuike S, Edet AE. Vulnerability assessment of aquifers within the oban massif, South-Eastern Nigeria, using DRASTIC and GIS approach. International Journ of Sci & Eng. Research. 2015; 6(10):1123-1135.
Saheed AO. Regional Aquifer vulnerability and pollution sensitivity analysis of drastic application to dahomey basin of Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17:2-17.
Akpoborie IA. Aspects of the hydrology of the western niger delta wetlands: Groundwater conditions in the Neogene (Recent) deposits of the Ndokwa Area. Proceedings of the Environmental Management Conference: Managing Coastal and Wetland Areas of Nigeria, Abeokuta; 2011.
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). “Asaba Meteorological Bulletin”. In: National Meteorological Report; 2003.
Michele LW, Tuttle R, Charpentier R, Michael EB. The niger delta petroleum system: Niger delta province, Nigeria, Cameroon, and equatorial guinea, Africa. United States Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado. Open-File Report 99-50-H; 1999.
Short K, Stauble A. Outline of geology of Niger delta. AAPG Bull. 1967;51:761–779.
Oteze G. Water resources of Nigeria. Environmental Geology. 1981;3:171–184.
Efe S, Ojoh C. Climate variation and malaria prevalence in metropolis. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. 2013; 3(1):132-140.
Al-Adamat RA, Foster ID, Baban SM. Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping for the Basaltic aquifer of the Azraq basin of Jordan using GIS, remote sensing and DRASTIC. Applied Geography. 2003:23(4):303-324.
Saheed AO. Regional aquifer vulnerability and pollution sensitivity analysis of drastic application to dahomey basin of Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17:2-17.
Zhang Y, Person M, Gable C. Representative hydraulic conductivity of hydrogeologic units: Insights from an experimental stratigraphy. Journal of Hydrology. 2007;339(1):65-78.
Eke DR, Opara AI, Inyang GE, Emberga TT, Echetama HN, Ugwuegbu CA, Onwe RM, Onyema JC, Chinaka JC. Hydrogeophysical Evaluation and VulnerabilityAssessment of Shallow Aquifers of the Upper Imo RiverBasin, Southeastern Nigeria. American Journal of Environ Protection. 2015;3(4):125-136.
Whiteman A. Nigeria: Its petroleum geology, resources and potential: London, Graham and Trotman. 1982;1(11):394 -411.
Doust H, Omatsola ME. Niger Delta, In: Edwards JD, Santogrossi PA (eds.). Divergent/passive margin basins, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 1990;239–248.
-
Abstract View: 52 times
PDF Download: 23 times
