Spatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability of Developed Properties in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
M. O. Ugwu *
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
E. I. Elenwo
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
A. A. Obafemi
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
O. S. Eludoyin
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The study assessed the flood vulnerability of developed properties (DP) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study made use of DP data obtained from the open street map, and the combination of landuse/ landcover map obtained from Landsat imagery of 2020, soil texture data, elevation data, and proximity to the active river channel. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Findings showed that 44014 DPs were estimated in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Results showed that the spatial extent of flood lowly vulnerable areas in Port Harcourt Metropolis was 60.78 sq. km (13.22%), moderately vulnerable areas were 259.72 sq km (56.51%) and highly vulnerable areas were 139.14 sq. km (30.27%). Furthermore, 3977 (9.04%) of DP were lowly vulnerable to flood, 34754 (78.96%) were moderately vulnerable to flood and 5283 (12%) were highly vulnerable to flood in the study area. The study can be concluded that the number of developed properties in the Port Harcourt Metropolis varied based on different flood vulnerability levels as more of them were found within the moderate vulnerability levels. Based on the findings, the study recommended that all the developed properties lying in the high flood vulnerability level should be relocated to better locations or at least conform to ways of guiding against the effect of flood on the developed properties; and also periodic enlightenment of the effect of flood to the public would help a lot of preventing people from constructing their house in the highly and moderately flood vulnerable levels.
Keywords: Developed properties, flood, vulnerability, open street
How to Cite
Downloads
References
National Research Council. Tying flood insurance to flood risk for low-lying structures in the floodplain. Washington DC: The National Academies Press; 2015.
Available:https://doi.org/10.17226/21720.
Birhanu D. Kima H. Jangb C, Parka S. Flood risk and vulnerability of addis ababa city due to climate change and urbanization. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 154 696-702.
Odufuwa BO, Adedeji OH, Oladesu JO, Bongwa A. Floods of fury in Nigerian Cities. Journal of Sustainable Development. 2012;5 (7):69-79.
DOI:10.5539/jsd.v5n7p69
Amangabara GT, Obenade M. Flood vulnerability assessment of Niger Delta states relative to 2012 flood disaster in Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2015;3(3):76-83. DOI: 10.12691/env-3-3-3
Oladokun VO, Proverbs D. Flood risk management in Nigeria: A review of the challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering. 2016;6(3):485–497.
Alaghmand S, Abdullah R, Abustan I, Vosoogh B. GIS-based river flood hazard mapping in urban area (A case study in Kayu Ara River Basin Malaysia)’ International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2010;2(6):488–500.
IPCC 2013 Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental panel on climate change Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA; 2013.
Rashetnia S. Flood vulnerability assessment by applying a fuzzy logic method: A case study from Melbourne. Unpublished Msc. Thesis. Victoria University Melbourne Australia; 2016.
World Bank. The Caribbean Handbook for Risk Information Management (CHARIM); EU-funded ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program Ed.; World Bank (WB): Washington DC USA 2014; 2014.
Fatemi N, Okyere SA, Diko SK, Kita M, Shimoda M, Matsubara S. Physical vulnerability and local responses to flood damage in Peri-Urban Areas of Dhaka Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2020;12: 3957.
DOI:10.3390/su12103957
Blanco A, Schanze J. Conceptual and methodological frameworks for large scale and high resolution analysis of the physical flood vulnerability of buildings. In Comprehensive Flood Risk Management—Research for Policy and Practice; Klijn F. Schweckendiek T. Eds.; CRC Press: Rotterdam The Netherlands. 2012;591–598.
Yankson PWK, Owusu AB, Owusu G, Boakye-Danquah J, Tetteh JD. Assessment of coastal communities’ vulnerability to floods using indicator-based approach: A case study of Greater Accra Metropolitan Area Ghana. Natural Hazards. 2017;89:661–689.
Happy OJ, Makwe E, Shuaib MH. Flood vulnerability assessment and disaster risk reduction in Kubwa Federal Capital Territory Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. 2014;1(2):55-66.
Eguaroje OE, Alaga TA, Ogbole JO, Omolere S, Alwadood J, Kolawole IS, Ajileye OO. Flood vulnerability assessment of Ibadan City Oyo State Nigeria. World Environment. 2015;5(4):149-159.
DOI: 10.5923/j.env.20150504.03
Akukwe TI, Ogbodo C. Spatial analysis of vulnerability to flooding in Port Harcourt Metropolis Nigeria. SAGE Open. 2015;1–19.
DOI: 10.1177/2158244015575558.
Dalil M, Mohammad N.H, Yamman UM, Husaini A, Mohammed SL. An assessment of flood vulnerability on physical development along drainage channels in Minna Niger State Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2015;9(1):38-46.
DOI: 10.5897/AJEST2014.1815
Gelleh ID, Ibidun OA, Okeke UH. Flood vulnerability assessment in Lagos city using multi–criteria analysis. Greener Journal of Environment Management and Public Safety. 2016:5(2):024-032
Available:http://doi.org/10.15580/GJEMPS.2016.2.011316005
Nkwunonwo UC. Assessment of social vulnerability for efficient management of urban pluvial flooding in the Lagos Metropolis of Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Studies. 2017;3(1):11.
Samuel KJ, Yakubu S, Ologunorisa TE, Kola-Olusanya A. A post-disaster assessment of riverine communities impacted by a severe flooding event. Ghana Journal of Geography. 2017; 9(1):17–41.
Chigbu N, Esther M, Ignatius OA. Assessment of flood risk of cross River State using Geographic Information System (GIS). FIG Congress 2018 Embracing our smart world where the continents connect: enhancing the geospatial maturity of societies Istanbul Turkey May 6–11; 2018.
Afolabi OO, Emelu VO, Wali E, Orji MC, Bosco- Abiahu LC, Yemi-Jonathan OIT, Wali OA, Asomaku SO. Geospatial analysis of flood vulnerability levels based on physical characteristics and resilience capacity of peri-urban settlements in Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection. 2022;10: 267-288.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.108017
Ugwu MO. Effects of incidence of flooding on property value in Port Harcourt metropolis Rivers State. Unpublished Msc. Thesis University of Port Harcourt; 2017.
Saaty TL. The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resources Allocation. Mc Graw-Hill, New York. 1980;19.
Bapalu, V., & Rajiv, S. R. (2006). GIS in Flood Hazard Mapping: A Case Study of Kosi River Basin, India. GIS Development Conference in 2005. pp. 1-7.
Available:http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/natural_hazards/floods/floods001pf.htm
Lawal DU, Matori A, Balogun A. A Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Proposing New Recreational Park Sites in University Teknologi Malaysia. Modern Applied Science. 2011;5:39-55.
Wilk K. Hazards for buildings and structures caused by flood conditions. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018;45 00101 1-8.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500101
Park K, Choi SH, Yu I. Risk type analysis of building on urban flood damage. Water. 2021;13:1-17.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/w13182505
Kropp S. The influence of flooding on the value of real estate fig working week Germany TS06H- Valuation - Environmental Factors. 2012; 5729.