Economic and Environmental Implications of Wood Exploitation in the Mangrove Ecosystem in Tiko, South West Region of Cameroon
Christly Anyi Nju Enoh
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
Tata E. Sunjo *
Department of Geography, University of Buea, Cameroon.
Fonge B. Ambo
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Mangroves are vital ecosystems performing myriad functions and providing critical ecological goods and services. However, over the years, population growth and land use mutations have significantly reduced the ecological capacity of mangroves. This study aimed at identifying the economic and environmental implications of wood exploitation in the mangrove ecosystem. Data were collected from the field through the administration of questionnaires and field observations. This study examined the different drivers of wood exploitation which have resulted in the gradual destruction and degradation of mangrove ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities relating to the utilization of mangroves have significantly reinforced the rate of degradation within the study area. The results also show that the exploitation of mangrove forest for wood and fishery resources, fish smoking and charcoal production have also contributed to the daily and monthly income of the exploiters, making them essential to poverty alleviation. However, mangrove exploitation for various economic motives identified in the study have contributed enormously to ecological disequilibrium which has aggravated mangrove degradation. Some of the environmental consequences identified during field observations include loss of biodiversity, reduction in fish quantity and water pollution amongst others. To address these issues, it is necessary to promote environmental education, carry out reforestation, and establish community corporation in the wise use of mangroves. This falls in line with Cameroon’s 1994 Forestry and Environment Law relating to sustainable exploitation of forest resources and 1972 Ramser Convention on Wetlands as Water Fowl Habitats.
Keywords: Wood exploitation, mangroves ecosystem, economics, environmental implications